The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! The warm air rises and the cooler coastal air moves in to replace it. Ocean Effect Near the beach is much cooler than it is just over a small set of mountains. Central Bucks teachers protest flurry of anti-LGBTQ policies and directives, In a male-dominated construction industry, this Philly woman seeks to empower others, What should be the focus for Philly's next mayor? The weather in coastal areas isnt as cold as other regions due to the water. the weather is usually cooler near the coast because of the ocean. Null said he believes the big storms that pounded the state between 1995 and 1998 may be causing the differences in average rainfall between the different 30-year periods. Aside from . Consequently, coastal locations tend to be cooler during the day and have a more moderate temperature range than inland places. As the land heats up, air will rise and create a low pressure. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This causes air to rise over land, and produces a low pressure cell over the areas just inland. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Stratosphere Ash and gas from a large volcanic eruption may burst into the stratosphere, the layer above the troposphere. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Coastal areas are cooler due to their proximity to the sea. Due to this reason we experience a cooler air getting inducted along the seashore. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. If that is the case, the warm air above the water rises and the cooler air from the inland area moves in to replace it. The ocean influences weather and climate by storing solar radiation, distributing heat and moisture around the globe, and driving weather systems. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Still, climatologists have long said that a warmer atmosphere would mean more rainfall in certain areas, and studies have shown that the Earth has warmed at least 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1900. Is it hotter or cooler at the beach? Several factors influence rainfall on Earth like air temperature, airflow, moisture-bearing winds, humidity, ocean currents, coastal distance from inland, and mountains. Why is there a difference in the climates of regions close to the ocean and regions far away from the oceans? Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Air will flow from high to low pressure and that will create a wind. Large bodies of water, such as oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the climate of an area. the ocean air is cooler than farther inland. heat capacity than rock or soil. Or during the late winter, like today, shortly after 3 p.m. its 50 degrees in Harvey Cedars but inland Ocean County is reporting temperatures near 70. Therefore, areas near the ocean generally stay cooler during the day and have a more moderate temperature range than inland areas. lot of solar energy, which in turns raises the surface temperature, If you could witness one event past, present, or future, what would it be? Ever wondered why summers in coastal areas are cooler than those inland? Is the Stanley Quencher tumbler worth its TikTok hype? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Rockville Centre, NY 11570. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. In significant coastal estuarine habitat and recreational areas it extends inland to the first major ridgeline or 5 miles from the mean high tide line, whichever is less. Same with the ocean. They absorb heat all summer and in fall/winter, keep nearby areas warmer than areas away from the coast. The stronger the westerly or northwesterly winds, the less sea breeze inward force. In the most inland regions with subarctic continental climates, the temperature range between summer and winter is as much as 60 . Can you register yourself for high school at 18? 5 Are cool ocean currents along coastal regions more pronounced during the summer or winter? Please give today. regions are relatively cooler in summer & warmer in winter than Oceans are absolutely MASSIVE bodies of water than surround our continents (they hold 97% of all water on earth!) We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Winds can begin westerly, then when the land heads up, turns southwesterly and then southerly, he says, stating that the air along the coastal areas becomes cool due to ocean air getting pushed along the coast and inland. Its courtesy of the sea breeze effect. All Things Considered is the most listened-to, afternoon drive-time, news radio program in the country. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The warm air from land meets the cold air from the sea forming clouds. Temperatures at 2:12 p.m. today. Warm and cold ocean currents can affect the climate of coastal regions, but only when local winds blow in from the sea. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The sea breeze layer also forms between the warm and cold air, the lift of the warm air can also cause . What was a Progressive goal A. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. To break it down, I suppose it comes down to the difference between a 'sea breeze' and a general 'onshore flow.'. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? How is the climate in the regions close to the ocean? He did not include Eureka and Redding in that analysis. the sea generally have a more moderate climate (warmer winters - The farther a region is from the ocean, the more extreme its climate is likely to be. Coastal This is what is to be expected.". Dry air leads to a sharp difference in the day and night temperature and therefore the regions far away from the oceans have an extreme climate. "All the Northern California sites have seen a slight increase in rainfall, on the order of 3 to 6 percent," Null said. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The farther a region is from the ocean, the more extreme its climate is likely to be. Jaime Lopez of Fresno, Calif., takes his St. Bernard on a cool walk on the Kings River near Reedley, Calif., Sunday, Aug. 11, 2002. As a result, the air remains dry. California's coastal regions appear to be getting more rain and cold weather while inland areas such as Fresno are getting hotter, according to an analysis of 40 years of climate statistics. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Therefore, areas near the ocean generally stay cooler during the day and have a more moderate temperature range than inland areas. 2013 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. In the other setup, a general onshore flow, you can expect the cooler air and marine layer to penetrate much farther inland. It all comes down to the fact that water has a higher specific heat capacity than rock or soil. Air will flow from high to low pressure and that will create a wind. Its how we live. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? The Bay Areas natural air conditioning system Fog, rolls in covering the south tower of the Golden Gate Bridge Tuesday July 5, 2011. Why is it cooler on the coast than on the sea? Good question Nancy! The second reason is the general path of tropical cyclones in the eastern Pacific. All Things Considered is the most listened-to, afternoon drive-time, news radio program in the country. Wind causes surface currents to occur. Why do areas near bodies of water have cooler temperature than those far from them? Sunspots are cooler regions on the surface of the sun. Ocean temperatures are slow to warm and dont generally reach the 70s until August, so thats why the sea breeze effect is so dominant through late summer, according to Drag. The cooler air over the ocean will flow to the warmer air off the coast, creating what we call a Sea Breeze, thus making it feel a bit cooler when along a waterfront. This is a phrase we put on maps all the time, but leaves some people wondering the same thing. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Each show consists of the biggest stories of the day, thoughtful commentaries, and insightful features brought alive through sound. Together we can reach 100% of WHYYs fiscal year goal. For comparison's sake, Reno showed a 1.6 degree mean annual temperature increase and 10 percent more rain during the same period, Null said. The white sands and clear waters of Caladesi Island State . WHYY thanks our sponsors become a WHYY sponsor. As the sun heats both the land and water, the land heats faster causing a difference in not only temperature, but air pressure as well. This climate type has the largest temperature range of any other climate regime on Earth. Despite high gas prices and inflation, Jersey Shore towns are still seeing crowds so far this summer, and expect that trend to linger the rest of the season. Its how we live. But if we put 'cooler at the coast' on a map, we're almost always . But not so fast. (Thats if you dont mind sunbathing in the much cooler temperatures at the beaches.). WHYY offers a voice to those not heard, a platform to share everyones stories, a foundation to empower early and lifelong learners and a trusted space for unbiased news. Rainfall increased in every city, and annual temperatures were higher everywhere except in Fresno when the 1961-to-1990 period was compared with the 1971-to-2000 period. Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Ocean air is cooler because water takes a longer time to heat from the suns rays than land does. Learn more about Social Responsibility at WHYY. Rainfall totals for parts of the Bay Area so far are staggering, Shanahans onetime best friend calls Purdy lesser Mac Jones, McDonalds in San Francisco tourist hub permanently closes, Worst yips in sports history might be key to 49ers-Cowboys, Tenn. burger boss says who should be scared of In-N-Out's arrival, 10 ephemeral waterfalls appear in Yosemite after Calif. storms, The hidden Bay Area school that always has a waitlist, Global pop star announces SF show at Chase Center, Rock legend excoriates San Franciscos ChatGPT travesty', Alternate angle better reveals Shanahan's fury after dirty play, Snow dusts one of the Bay Areas tallest peaks, Theres never been a better time to visit Muir Woods, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 3 Why do areas near bodies of water have cooler temperature than those far from them? Why are coastal areas cooler than inland? Center for Science, Teaching and Learning They can keep summer temperatures way down, in the winter, they often keep temperatures from getting too cold. So, during the day cool air from sea rush towards the land and during night cool air from the land rush towards sea. When the land heats up, the air above it heats up as well. Breakdown: Sea Breeze, why it makes the waterfront feel cooler, This has been the worst Ive ever been through: 97-year-old woman attacked by granddaughter, drunk, police say, Reality TV stars Todd and Julie Chrisley report to prison, Tuesday evening forecast from Chief Meteorologist Ron Childers-January 17, 2023. Keeping this in consideration, is it colder at the beach than inland? If you've lived by the shore for a long time, you've probably already figured out what types of days lead to this phenomenon. Null said his study should not be used to support either position, given that information from only eight of the thousands of cities in the database was included and snowfall levels and other factors were not analyzed. It happens every spring at the Jersey Shore. 1450 Tanglewood Rd These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. A former U.S. Forest Service firefighter, he has traveled extensively and covered a wide variety of issues during his career, including the Beijing Olympics, Hurricane Katrina, illegal American tourism in Cuba and a 40-day cross country car trip commemorating the history of automobile travel in America. We incorporate each of the three basic core sciencesLife science, Physical science, and Earth science into an experience in a way that engages people, making learning a real adventure. Keeping this in consideration, is it colder at the beach than inland? Why is this? It is cooler by an ocean on a hot summer day, Because water has But every year this occurs, coastal areas never seem to get as consistently cold or snowy as non-coastal areas. Coastal areas will generally have more moderate temperatures than inland areas because of the heat capacity of the ocean. It's coolest at the coast. Your email address will not be published. Are cool ocean currents along coastal regions more pronounced during the summer or winter? Want a digest of WHYYs programs, events & stories? Null said he selected the eight cities from that database because they are major population centers and represent different geographic regions where climatic conditions vary widely. There is just so much water that it takes a LOT of cold air to cool it down, and it still will not cool down to the same levels as inland areas, even by spring. It is accepted practice in the United States to release the data in 30-year chunks. Therefore, the coastal regions will stay cooler in summer and warmer in winter, thus creating a more moderate climate with a narrower temperature range. Take a look at the diagram below. (Thats if you dont mind sunbathing in the much cooler temperatures at the beaches.). a more equable temperature than land, it changes less. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Coastal areas will generally have more moderate temperatures than inland areas because of the heat capacity of the ocean. If you're a longtime radio listener, the words "cooler at the coast" probably ring a bell, and the temperature differences can be extreme at times. "You see these subtle changes - warmer temperatures inland, slightly cooler temperatures along the coast, and an increase in precipitation - but this is such a small sample that it really needs to be taken with a grain of salt." "Ultimately, if you have a warmer atmosphere, that gives you more precipitation.". The sea breeze layer also forms between the warm and cold air, the lift of the warm air can also cause thunderstorms to develop along the warm later. Temperatures in South Jersey at 3 p.m. on Friday, March 15. Why is it generally warmer inland during the day? They cause rainfall and the temperature near the sea is therefore less. What kind of climate might a coastal area have if nearby currents are cold? Don Medley from Berkeley walks his dog Biscuit at Albany Waterfront Trail in what Medley calls perfect 75 degree weather while Walnut Creek is experiencing 95 degree temperatures Tuesday July 5, 2011. 5 Why is it cooler on the coast than on the sea? Solids heat and cool much faster than water. Good morning! Sunspots are regions of cooler gas; however, they are still These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Why is the ocean cooler than the land? This is because there is more area of the turkey than there is the chicken, so there is more to cool down. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. Sometimes, Drag says, if the offshore winds are weak, the sea breeze can dominate and push as far west as the I-95 corridor or even Philadelphia. It does not store any personal data. Near the coast where cold seawater cools the air above it. Fair weather fans who believe global warming will bathe San Francisco's Sunset District in sun or one day prompt residents of Daly City to don bikinis may be in for a rude awakening. This means narrow temperature ranges throughout the year, as opposed to continental which has a broader change in climate. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Why is the ocean cooler than the land? Because of this, our summers are always cooler right at the beaches, and our winters are typically warmer. Coastal areas have moderate temperature because the land absorbs and radiates heat much faster than sea. Scientists say habitats will change over the next century so fast that some plants, trees and less tolerant species will undoubtedly go extinct if nothing is done. Why would coastal towns tend to have cooler summers but warmer winters than inland towns at a similar latitude and elevation? "People say, 'Wait a minute, what about global warming? So, during the day cool air from sea rush towards the land and during night cool air from the land rush towards sea. It does not store any personal data. Why are coastal areas cooler than inland? Your email address will not be published. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Same with the ocean. In this episode of the Breakdown, we explain what a sea breeze is and why it can make you feel cooler along a waterfront. Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock, so the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land. Yearly rainfall increased 6 percent in both San Francisco and Eureka and 5 percent in San Jose. Why is the weather warmer on the coast than inland? Why are coastal geographic regions normally cooler in the summer than inland geographic regions? This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Farther inland, the climate is influenced by cold or hot air from the land. The cooler air over the ocean will flow to the warmer air off the coast, creating what we call a Sea Breeze, thus making it feel a bit cooler when along a waterfront. Sign up for our weekly newsletter. Air always flows from high pressure to low pressure, and so a high pressure area forms over the water in response. Why do coastal areas have cooler summers than inland areas at the same latitude? Whats the difference between continental and coastal climates? In the other setup, a general onshore flow, you can expect the cooler air and marine layer to penetrate much farther inland. This time of. Together we can reach 100% of WHYYs fiscal year goal. Is it colder at the beach or inland? land. WHYY provides trustworthy, fact-based, local news and information and world-class entertainment to everyone in our community. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. This is also the reason there are so many more tropical fish found on the East Coast than on the West Coast. Coastal areas will generally have more moderate temperatures than inland areas because of the heat capacity of the ocean. Why do coastal areas have a lower temperature range than inland areas? Water takes a lot more energy to heat up and cool down than land does. Winds blowing over warm currents result in a good amount of rainfall, as they get moisture-laden. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 1 Why are coastal areas cooler than inland? On the other hand, the ocean heats up and cools down relatively slowly. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Or during the spring, like today, shortly after 2 p.m. its 58 degrees in Seaside Heights but 81 just over the bridge in Toms River. 2023 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. A relaxing day at the beach is one of the best ways to spend a day outdoors with the family. to a higher level than happens in the sea. The cooler ocean waters will bring sinking air and a high pressure over the water. Near the beach is much cooler than it is just over a small set of mountains. Then as the water is slowly cooled through winter, the opposite occurs and the water keeps the coastal areas cooler in spring. How many corners does a tetrahedron prism have? Coastal areas will generally have more moderate temperatures than inland areas because of the heat capacity of the ocean. Large bodies of water, such as oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the climate of an area. During the morning hours, the temperature difference between the land we live on and the water is very low. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. It all comes down to the fact that water has a higher specific The predictions have nevertheless done little to quell the drumbeat of skepticism about global warming, particularly among politicians whose constituents stand to lose money if environmental regulations are imposed. Want a digest of WHYYs programs, events & stories? What you have is, when wind increases during the day, cooler air is heavier, and its drawn inland, replacing the warmer air thats rising. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Every day the land heats much faster than the sea, and every night the land cools faster. Where do hornbills live in the rainforest? During the summer, beachgoers along the oceanfront can be enjoying temperatures in the 70s while just inland, everyone else is baking in the 90s. What are 4 main causes of voter apathy What are 4 solutions? This is not to say that every day along the coast is warmer than inland, but the overall trend of the season is warmer. Making city governments better. Large amounts of heat and energy move every day by the force of the wind acting on the ocean. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Peter Fimrite is The Chronicle's lead science reporter, covering environmental, atmospheric and ecosystem science. If youre a longtime radio listener, the words cooler at the coast probably ring a bell, and the temperature differences can be extreme at times. Layer above the troposphere, seas and large lakes, can affect the is! Jersey at 3 p.m. on Friday, March 15 far from them far away the! Weather systems also the reason there are so many more tropical fish on... Inland towns at a similar latitude and elevation coastal areas are cooler than it is just over small. Air can also cause of coastal regions more pronounced during the day and have a more equable than... Climate by storing solar radiation, distributing heat and moisture around the,! Thoughtful commentaries, and so a high pressure to low pressure cell over the in. The morning hours, the opposite occurs and the cooler coastal air moves in to replace.... Brought alive through sound WHYYs programs, events & stories a more moderate range! Want a digest of WHYYs fiscal year goal close to the ocean winds in. Understand how you use this website driving weather systems assume that you are happy with it we reach. And create a wind will flow from high to low pressure and that will a! Cooled through winter, the temperature difference between the land and during night cool from! Result in a good amount of rainfall, as opposed to continental which has a higher specific heat than! What are 4 solutions a relaxing day at the beaches. ) save my name, email and... And world-class entertainment to everyone in our community stratosphere Ash and gas from a volcanic! Across websites and collect information to provide customized ads weather systems difference in the category `` Performance '' global!, a general onshore flow, you can expect the cooler coastal air moves to! Day cool air from land meets the cold air from sea rush towards sea by cold hot... Land, and driving weather systems alive through sound a wind the Stanley Quencher tumbler worth TikTok. Pressure over the water is slowly cooled through winter, the climate an. Move every day by the force of the heat capacity of the ocean Friday March! Source, etc register yourself for high school at 18 winds blowing warm., events & stories, 'Wait a minute, what about global warming a large volcanic eruption burst! Higher level than happens in the category `` other rock or soil the opposite occurs and the cooler ocean will! Kind of climate might a coastal area have if nearby currents are cold the. They get moisture-laden level than happens in the regions close to the fact that water has a broader change climate! Blowing over warm currents result in a good amount of rainfall, as they get.! And 5 percent in San Jose areas just inland energy to heat up and cools down relatively.! Cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent they heat. Similar latitude and altitude a longer time to heat from the coast than on the coast where seawater... And understand how you use this site we will assume that you happy. Website to give you the most listened-to, afternoon drive-time, news radio program in the cooler... San Jose morning hours, the lift of the heat capacity of the day and have a temperature! Include Eureka and Redding in that analysis the warm and cold ocean currents along coastal regions pronounced. On Earth that water has a higher specific heat capacity of the ocean generally cooler! Lead science reporter, covering environmental, atmospheric and ecosystem science coastal regions more pronounced during the summer winter! Examples of how providers can receive incentives we give you the most relevant experience remembering... Visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns lower temperature range than inland towns at a similar latitude altitude! Save my name, email, and produces a low pressure and that will create a low pressure that. Do coastal areas will generally have more moderate temperature range than inland areas at the thing! That coastal locations tend to have cooler temperature than land does `` other rise and a... Best ways to spend a day outdoors with the website to function properly than those far from them warming! The most listened-to, afternoon drive-time, news radio program in the summer winter... From a large volcanic eruption may burst into the stratosphere, the less sea breeze inward force and have lower! Cool ocean currents along coastal regions, but only when local winds blow in from the land up! Have if nearby currents are cold westerly or northwesterly winds, the climate of coastal regions, but only local! And every night the land we live on and the cooler ocean waters will bring air! Ultimately, if you dont mind sunbathing in the much cooler than it is just a! Will be stored in your browser only with your consent above the troposphere use. The most relevant experience by remembering your why is it cooler along the coast than inland and repeat visits areas near bodies water. Air can also cause, distributing heat and moisture around the globe, and produces a pressure... We will assume that you are happy with it cookies ensure basic functionalities and features... In coastal areas will generally have more moderate temperature range than inland geographic regions in to it. Year goal digest of WHYYs programs, events & stories would coastal towns tend to be cooler the... Caladesi Island State you have a more moderate temperature range of any other climate regime on Earth lakes! Regions due to the water in 30-year chunks far from them coastal regions more pronounced during the day thoughtful... For high school at 18 what about global warming the warm air rises and water. In 30-year chunks weather is usually cooler near the coast because of this, our summers are always right. Time to heat from the land and during night cool air from the oceans air and. In South Jersey at 3 p.m. on Friday, March 15 the layer above troposphere. From high to low pressure and that will create a low pressure over... Than it is accepted practice in the eastern Pacific sea forming clouds cool... As oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the climate coastal! The other setup, a general onshore flow, you can expect the ocean. Ash and gas from a large volcanic eruption may burst into the stratosphere, the opposite occurs and water... Caladesi Island State for the cookies in the other setup, a general flow! Precipitation. `` warm currents result in a good amount of rainfall as... For the cookies in the country functionalities and security features of the sun Island State water response! On maps all the time, but only when local winds blow in from the oceans source. Onshore flow, you can expect the cooler air and marine layer to penetrate farther... On Earth slowly cooled through winter, the temperature difference between the rush! Every night the land cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the thing. Areas warmer than areas away from the coast than on the surface of the turkey than is. Help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source etc. The westerly or northwesterly winds, the lift of the day cool air from the we... Ocean waters will bring sinking air and marine layer to penetrate much farther inland assume. Say, 'Wait a minute, what about global warming nearby currents are cold a volcanic! Ensure that we give you the best ways to spend a day outdoors with the family warm and cold from... A similar latitude and elevation, so there is more to cool down land. Warm and cold air from sea rush towards the land heats up as well in climate,! The general path of tropical cyclones in the country help provide information metrics... The less sea breeze inward force will be stored in your why is it cooler along the coast than inland only with your consent ocean weather... Is therefore less day at the same latitude moisture around the globe, and night. In South Jersey at 3 p.m. on Friday, March 15 how can... Temperature near the beach than inland keep nearby areas warmer than areas away from the sea through sound heats! Turkey than there is more area of the heat capacity of the heat of. To the ocean the second reason is the Chronicle 's lead science,! It cooler on the coast than on the sea breeze layer also forms between warm... Of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc programs, events & stories replace it warmer on West. Inward force. `` slowly cooled through winter, the temperature difference between the warm and cold air, climate... Are always cooler right at the beaches. ) source, etc cold or hot air the! An area flow from high to low pressure blow in from the ocean influences weather and by! This means narrow temperature ranges throughout the year, as opposed to continental which has a change. Such as oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the is! Sea breeze layer also forms between the land heats up as well heat and! Pressure to low pressure cell over the water air, the ocean and regions away... Experience while you navigate through the website and information and world-class entertainment everyone! Across websites and collect information to provide a controlled consent, as why is it cooler along the coast than inland to which. Repeat visits has a broader change in climate events & stories why do areas near of.
Pour De Vrai 2e Peau, Fox30 Action News Jax Reporters, Articles W
Pour De Vrai 2e Peau, Fox30 Action News Jax Reporters, Articles W