[17], The conquest by Philip II of Pangaeum and then of the island of Thasos between 356 and 342 BC brought rich gold and silver mines under Macedonian control. [142] Alexander admired Cyrus the Great, from an early age reading Xenophon's Cyropaedia, which described Cyrus's heroism in battle and governance as a king and legislator. In the process, both Alexander IV and Philip III were murdered. The name Alexander is also found throughout the New Testament, and there are dozens of Christian saints who bear the name. [36][37], When Philip returned to Pella, he fell in love with and married Cleopatra Eurydice in 338 BC,[38] the niece of his general Attalus. [143], Afterwards, Alexander travelled to Ecbatana to retrieve the bulk of the Persian treasure. [195], At Issus in 333 BC, his first confrontation with Darius, he used the same deployment, and again the central phalanx pushed through. He invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara (a region presently straddling eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan), to come to him and submit to his authority. [65][f] He showed his intent to conquer the entirety of the Persian Empire by throwing a spear into Asian soil and saying he accepted Asia as a gift from the gods. [152][154] There was even a suggestion that Aristotle may have participated. [216] Alexander's mother Olympia similarly had huge ambitions, and encouraged her son to believe it was his destiny to conquer the Persian Empire. Geoff W. Adams, The Roman Emperor Gaius "Caligula" and His Hellenistic Aspirations, pp 46. [116], Alexander did not attempt to impose uniform imperial coinage throughout his new conquests. [51], Attalus was at that time corresponding with Demosthenes, regarding the possibility of defecting to Athens. Alexander was proclaimed king on the spot by the nobles and army at the age of 20. Alexander became legendary as a classical hero in the mould of Achilles, featuring prominently in the historical and mythical traditions of both Greek and non-Greek cultures. The name Alexander is also found throughout the New Testament, and there are dozens of Christian saints who bear the name. [73][74] The men of military age were massacred and the women and children sold into slavery. WebThe name Alexander is primarily a male name of Greek origin that means Defender Of The People. Alexander responded quickly and drove them from their territory. Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedonia, a realm north of Greece. I HATE ALEXANDER 23 T-SHIRT $35.00. Osprey Publishing. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military He had a great desire for knowledge, a love for philosophy, and was an avid reader. [9][10] He was the son of the erstwhile king of Macedon, Philip II, and his fourth wife, Olympias (daughter of Neoptolemus I, king of Epirus). Greek astronomical treatise) and Paulisa Siddhanta texts depict the influence of Greek astronomical ideas on Indian astronomy. [181] According to Diodorus, Alexander's companions asked him on his deathbed to whom he bequeathed his kingdom; his laconic reply was "ti kratisti""to the strongest". [68] At the ancient Phrygian capital of Gordium, Alexander "undid" the hitherto unsolvable Gordian Knot, a feat said to await the future "king of Asia". WebAlexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: , romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. Aristotle taught Alexander and his companions about medicine, philosophy, morals, religion, logic, and art. [293] As a consequence, the Phalangarii of Legio II Parthica may not have been pikemen, but rather standard battle line troops or possibly Triarii. [304] His court historian Callisthenes portrayed the sea in Cilicia as drawing back from him in proskynesis. Alexander followed close behind and captured the strategic hill-fort after four bloody days. We are proud to be a store that reflects our interests and those of our community. ", In 337 BC, Alexander fled Macedon with his mother, dropping her off with her brother, King Alexander I of Epirus in Dodona, capital of the Molossians. in Pella, Macedonia, to King Philip II. He says this was Alexander's only unsuccessful project. "[305], In the first centuries after Alexander's death, probably in Alexandria, a quantity of the legendary material coalesced into a text known as the Alexander Romance, later falsely ascribed to Callisthenes and therefore known as Pseudo-Callisthenes. He lost another child when Roxana miscarried at Babylon. Alexander founded a series of new cities, all called Alexandria, including modern Kandahar in Afghanistan, and Alexandria Eschate ("The Furthest") in modern Tajikistan. The Greek cities on the western coast of Anatolia revolted until the news arrived that Philip had been murdered and had been succeeded by his young son Alexander. WebAlexander disease is a rare disorder of the nervous system. [295] Caligula, who could not swim,[296] then proceeded to ride his favourite horse Incitatus across, wearing the breastplate of Alexander the Great. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2009). AFTERSHOCK T-SHIRT $36.00. [314] He then travelled the known world in search of the Water of Life and Immortality, eventually becoming a prophet. [264] An inscription from the temple, now housed in the British Museum, declares: "King Alexander dedicated [this temple] to Athena Polias. Web281 James D. Nabors Drive, Alexander City, AL 35010 (256) 329-6700 AFTERSHOCK STICKER PACK $20.00. Its finely-grained structure lends a smooth, rich, beefy flavor. Alexander, the King of Macedonia and one of the greatest army leaders in the history of warfare, conquers much of the known world. [33], As Philip marched south, his opponents blocked him near Chaeronea, Boeotia. [185], Diodorus stated that Alexander had given detailed written instructions to Craterus some time before his death, which are known as Alexander's "last plans". Anthropology. New Haven: Yale University Press. [3][4], Until the age of 16, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle. [279][281][282] The Yavanajataka (lit. Alexander was born in 356 B.C.E. WebLeading promotional products manufacturer since 1943. FIRE DEPT. Even as he watched the city burn, Alexander immediately began to regret his decision. Alexander has figured in both high and popular culture beginning in his own era to the present day. For other uses, see. This led Hegesias of Magnesia to say that it had burnt down because Artemis was away, attending the birth of Alexander. Myelin is the fatty covering that insulates nerve fibers and promotes the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. [111] There was also considerable friction between Antipater and Olympias, and each complained to Alexander about the other. Buy Now. [162] Another recent analysis suggested pyogenic (infectious) spondylitis or meningitis. [314] His defeat of Darius was depicted as Egypt's salvation, "proving" Egypt was still ruled by an Egyptian. In planning his invasion of the Parthian Empire, Caracalla decided to arrange 16,000 of his men in Macedonian-style phalanxes, despite the Roman army having made the phalanx an obsolete tactical formation. Some films that have been shot with the theme of Alexander are: There are also many references to other movies and TV series. Its meaning is derived from the components alexo (I defend) and aner (man). [70], In spring 333 BC, Alexander crossed the Taurus into Cilicia. Due to the demand of his homesick troops, he eventually turned back at the Beas River and later died in 323 BC in Babylon, the city of Mesopotamia that he had planned to establish as his empire's capital. [21], Alexander was able to quote Euripides from memory. [147] Alexander developed a fever, which worsened until he was unable to speak. [266][267], Suda wrote that Alexander built a big temple to Sarapis. In the spring of 335BC, he advanced to suppress several revolts. We are proud to be a store that reflects our interests and those of our community. WebCity of Alexander, North Dakota 58831. Buy Now. [250], Green argues that there is little evidence in ancient sources that Alexander had much carnal interest in women; he did not produce an heir until the very end of his life. Miletus, held by Achaemenid forces, required a delicate siege operation, with Persian naval forces nearby. [152], The strongest argument against the poison theory is the fact that twelve days passed between the start of his illness and his death; such long-acting poisons were probably not available. After the defeat, Spitamenes was killed by his own men, who then sued for peace. The end of Thebes cowed Athens, leaving all of Greece temporarily at peace. Macedon is too small for you", and bought the horse for him. [284] Julius Caesar dedicated a Lysippean equestrian bronze statue but replaced Alexander's head with his own, while Octavian visited Alexander's tomb in Alexandria and temporarily changed his seal from a sphinx to Alexander's profile. Asian Studies. [268], Hellenization was coined by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen to denote the spread of Greek language, culture, and population into the former Persian empire after Alexander's conquest. Origin: The name Alexander is the Latin form of the Greek name Alexandros. Though advised to use diplomacy, Alexander mustered 3,000 Macedonian cavalry and rode south towards Thessaly. See All CITY COUNCIL / PLANNING & ZONING. See All This text underwent numerous expansions and revisions throughout Antiquity and the Middle Ages,[306] containing many dubious stories,[304] and was translated into numerous languages. [102], A plot against his life was revealed, and one of his officers, Philotas, was executed for failing to alert Alexander. This included commissioning sculptures by Lysippos, paintings by Apelles and gem engravings by Pyrgoteles. [42] He continued to Illyria,[42] where he sought refuge with one or more Illyrian kings, perhaps with Glaukias, and was treated as a guest, despite having defeated them in battle a few years before. [310], The figure of Dhul-Qarnayn (literally "the Two-Horned One") mentioned in the Quran is believed by scholars to be based on later legends of Alexander. [148] In the second account, Diodorus recounts that Alexander was struck with pain after downing a large bowl of unmixed wine in honour of Heracles followed by 11 days of weakness; he did not develop a fever, instead dying after some agony. [153] His extraordinary achievements, coupled with his own ineffable sense of destiny and the flattery of his companions, may have combined to produce this effect. WebAlexanders is still family owned, which means we can do business the way we want to, based on our deeply-rooted values and long-held traditions. He overcame this by being personally involved in battle,[89] in the manner of a Macedonian king. Alexander then faced the Assakenoi, who fought against him from the strongholds of Massaga, Ora and Aornos. [42] Olympias and several of Alexander's friends suggested this showed Philip intended to make Arrhidaeus his heir. Along the way his army conquered the Malhi (in modern-day Multan) and other Indian tribes and Alexander sustained an injury during the siege. [200] Despite those caveats, Lysippos's sculpture, famous for its naturalism, as opposed to a stiffer, more static pose, is thought to be the most faithful depiction.[201]. FIRE DEPT. Apelles, however, in painting him as wielder of the thunder-bolt, did not reproduce his complexion, but made it too dark and swarthy. WebAlexanders is still family owned, which means we can do business the way we want to, based on our deeply-rooted values and long-held traditions. From Pamphylia onwards the coast held no major ports and Alexander moved inland. Asian Studies. WebAlexanders Normal, IL: Dinner Menu: Friday, Saturday & Sunday Lunch Menu 11a-4p: N/A: Wine List: Wines by the Glass: Kids Menu : Ribeye. [12], Several legends surround Alexander's birth and childhood. [298] Pliny the Elder adds that the planned distance was 12 kilometres (7.5mi), and the purpose was to cut a canal through the isthmus to connect the Caystrian and Hermaean bays. Web281 James D. Nabors Drive, Alexander City, AL 35010 (256) 329-6700 [193] Alexander also recognized the potential for disunity among his diverse army, which employed various languages and weapons. Chemistry. Many of these students would become his friends and future generals, and are often known as the "Companions". [15] Such legends may have emerged when Alexander was king, and possibly at his instigation, to show that he was superhuman and destined for greatness from conception. [285], On the other hand, some Roman writers, particularly Republican figures, used Alexander as a cautionary tale of how autocratic tendencies can be kept in check by republican values. At Termessos, Alexander humbled but did not storm the Pisidian city. The trilogy of Mary Renault consisting of "Fire from Heaven", "The Persian Boy" and "Funeral Games". [261], The city of Pella, in modern Jordan, was founded by veterans of Alexander's army, and named it after the city of Pella, in Greece, which was the birthplace of Alexander. [107], During the long rule of the Achaemenids, the elite positions in many segments of the empire including the central government, the army, and the many satrapies were specifically reserved for Iranians and to a major degree Persian noblemen. Asian Studies. NVIDIA products provide our clients with more than just the performance they demand - NVIDIA goes above and beyond with an entire ecosystem of software, drivers, and features such as DLSS, Reflex, NVIDIA Broadcast, and more. When Alexander learned about this, he was furious. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military The trilogy "Alexander the Great" by Valerio Massimo Manfredi consisting of "The son of the dream", "The sand of Amon", and "The ends of the world". [231] He began to identify himself as the son of Zeus-Ammon. [76] After three unsuccessful assaults, the stronghold fell, but not before Alexander had received a serious shoulder wound. HOME. Later in his childhood, Alexander was tutored by the strict Leonidas, a relative of his mother, and by Lysimachus of Acarnania. [146] There are two different versions of Alexander's death, differing slightly in details. [47][49][52], News of Philip's death roused many states into revolt, including Thebes, Athens, Thessaly, and the Thracian tribes north of Macedon. ABOUT US. Ptolemy IX Lathyros, one of Ptolemy's final successors, replaced Alexander's sarcophagus with a glass one so he could convert the original to coinage. [202], Both Curtius and Diodorus report a story that when Darius III's mother, Sisygambis, first met Alexander and Hephaestion, she assumed that the latter was Alexander because he was the taller and more handsome of the two.[203]. Any other answer would cause the mermaid to turn into a raging Gorgon who would drag the ship to the bottom of the sea, all hands aboard. WebAlexander is a male given name.The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr.Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, The first refers merely to the Roman battle line and does not specifically mean that the men were armed with pikes, and the second bears similarity to the 'Marian Mules' of the late Roman Republic who carried their equipment suspended from a long pole, which were in use until at least the 2nd century AD. The satrapies handed out by Perdiccas at the Partition of Babylon became power bases each general used to bid for power. The horse refused to be mounted, and Philip ordered it away. Some of these alternate spellings include Alejandro, Alessandro, and Alexzander. [91][92][93] Plutarch claims that he ordered his men to put out the fires,[91] but that the flames had already spread to most of the city. This was a sign of Caracalla's increasingly erratic behaviour. [196] In India, confronted by Porus's elephant corps, the Macedonians opened their ranks to envelop the elephants and used their sarissas to strike upwards and dislodge the elephants' handlers. See All [181] However, the power vacuum he left in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent directly gave rise to one of the most powerful Indian dynasties in history, the Maurya Empire. Our Information Technology systems are continually tested and strengthened to ensure protection of all client information. WebTel: 540-443-9250 Hours: 8:00 4:30 EST M-F Email: [email protected] Address: 104 Centre Court, Radford, VA 24141 We are proud to offer over 125 university level courses that transfer to other universities and colleges in the BCCAT system. [153] Olympias always insisted to him that he was the son of Zeus,[230] a theory apparently confirmed to him by the oracle of Amun at Siwa. Movies. He then continued south towards the Peloponnese. Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, DC. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 17.15 g, 1h). [167][169] His successor, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, transferred the sarcophagus to Alexandria, where it remained until at least late Antiquity. Its meaning is derived from the components alexo (I defend) and aner (man). [84] Darius fled over the mountains to Ecbatana (modern Hamadan) while Alexander captured Babylon. This is the most popular grill steak in the country. [162], Alexander's body was laid in a gold anthropoid sarcophagus that was filled with honey, which was in turn placed in a gold casket. [212][213] Reconstruction of the original polychromy of the relief with Alexander on the sarcophagus shows him with brown eyes and chestnut brown hair. [16] Alexander was raised in the manner of noble Macedonian youths, learning to read, play the lyre, ride, fight, and hunt. The Alexander Romance, in particular, has had a significant impact on portrayals of Alexander in later cultures, from Persian to medieval European to modern Greek. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military It was also said that on this day, the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, burnt down. on the country in which you live. WebAlexander 23 Hate Me If It Helps [Official Music Video] Alexander 23 Aint Christmast (with Laufey) [Official Lyric Video] AFTERSHOCK HOODIE $60.00. After this, details on the fate of the tomb are hazy.[171]. FIRE DEPT. [108], Later, in the Central Asian campaign, a second plot against his life was revealed, this one instigated by his own royal pages. [292], In 39, Caligula performed a spectacular stunt by ordering a temporary floating bridge to be built using ships as pontoons, stretching for over two miles from the resort of Baiae to the neighbouring port of Puteoli. He is known as 'the great' both for his "[123] A similar slaughter followed at Ora. [246] This episode is also told by Plutarch, probably based on the same source. WebAlexander PCs is proud to be an official NVIDIA partner. Anthropology. WebAlexanders Normal, IL: Dinner Menu: Friday, Saturday & Sunday Lunch Menu 11a-4p: N/A: Wine List: Wines by the Glass: Kids Menu : Ribeye. Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III or Alexander of Macedonia is known as one of the greatest generals in all history. [17] Some of the cities he founded became major cultural centers, many surviving into the 21st century. But this mania for Alexander, strange as it was, was overshadowed by subsequent events in Alexandria. [53], Alexander stopped at Thermopylae, where he was recognized as the leader of the Amphictyonic League before heading south to Corinth. Omphis (Indian name Ambhi), the ruler of Taxila, whose kingdom extended from the Indus to the Hydaspes (Jhelum), complied, but the chieftains of some hill clans, including the Aspasioi and Assakenoi sections of the Kambojas (known in Indian texts also as Ashvayanas and Ashvakayanas), refused to submit. While Philip was occupied in Thrace, Alexander was ordered to muster an army for a campaign in southern Greece. CITY PARK. While there, he encountered a statue of Alexander the Great, and realised with dissatisfaction that he was now at an age when Alexander had the world at his feet, while he had achieved comparatively little. After that victory he was sent by Alexander in pursuit of Porus, to whom he was charged to offer favourable terms, but narrowly escaped losing his life at the hands of his old enemy. Alexander I, Russian in full Aleksandr Pavlovich, (born December 23 [December 12, Old Style], 1777, St. Petersburg, Russiadied December 1 [November 19], 1825, Taganrog), emperor of Russia (180125), who alternately fought and befriended Napoleon I during the Napoleonic Wars but who ultimately (181315) helped form the [307], Alexander features prominently in modern Greek folklore, more so than any other ancient figure. [17], Alexander's most immediate legacy was the introduction of Macedonian rule to huge new swathes of Asia. [128] The other was Nicaea (Victory), thought to be located at the site of modern-day Mong, Punjab. [13] According to the ancient Greek biographer Plutarch, on the eve of the consummation of her marriage to Philip, Olympias dreamed that her womb was struck by a thunderbolt that caused a flame to spread "far and wide" before dying away. WebAlexanders is still family owned, which means we can do business the way we want to, based on our deeply-rooted values and long-held traditions. [99] He claimed that, while dying, Darius had named him as his successor to the Achaemenid throne. Therefore, since his feet did not reach its lowest step, once of the royal pages placed a table under his feet. WebAlexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: , romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. [19], When Alexander was 13, Philip began to search for a tutor, and considered such academics as Isocrates and Speusippus, the latter offering to resign from his stewardship of the Academy to take up the post. WebLeading promotional products manufacturer since 1943. [275] The process of Hellenization also spurred trade between the east and west. Some of these alternate spellings include Alejandro, Alessandro, and Alexzander. [106] This behaviour cost him the sympathies of many of his countrymen. [81] The Greeks interpreted this message - one that the gods addressed to all pharaohs - as a prophecy.[78]. [17], This article is about the ancient king of Macedonia. [18] Alexander named it Bucephalas, meaning "ox-head". Biology. In the years following his death, a series of civil wars broke out across the Macedonian Empire, eventually leading to its disintegration at the hands of the Diadochi. [303], Many of the legends about Alexander derive from his own lifetime, probably encouraged by Alexander himself. WebAlexander is a male given name.The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr.Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, [315], In Hindi and Urdu, the name "Sikandar", derived from the Persian name for Alexander, denotes a rising young talent, and the Delhi Sultanate ruler Aladdin Khalji stylized himself as "Sikandar-i-Sani" (the Second Alexander the Great). [80] Henceforth, Alexander often referred to Zeus-Ammon as his true father, and after his death, currency depicted him adorned with the Horns of Ammon as a symbol of his divinity. [114] However, Alexander's constant demands for troops and the migration of Macedonians throughout his empire depleted Macedon's strength, greatly weakening it in the years after Alexander, and ultimately led to its subjugation by Rome after the Third Macedonian War (171168 BC). Alexander I, Russian in full Aleksandr Pavlovich, (born December 23 [December 12, Old Style], 1777, St. Petersburg, Russiadied December 1 [November 19], 1825, Taganrog), emperor of Russia (180125), who alternately fought and befriended Napoleon I during the Napoleonic Wars but who ultimately (181315) helped form the Ancient commentators were divided about whether the ambitious Olympias promulgated the story of Alexander's divine parentage, variously claiming that she had told Alexander, or that she dismissed the suggestion as impious. During this turmoil, the Illyrians invaded Macedonia, only to be repelled by Alexander. [75], When Alexander destroyed Tyre, most of the towns on the route to Egypt quickly capitulated. [a] He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. The Theban resistance was ineffective, and Alexander razed the city and divided its territory between the other Boeotian cities. [83] Darius once more fled the field, and Alexander chased him as far as Arbela. Vocabulary. It is one of a group of disorders, called leukodystrophies, that involve the destruction of myelin. [85], Babylonian astronomical diaries say that "the king of the world, Alexander" sent his scouts with a message to the people of Babylon before entering the city: "I shall not enter your houses". When the Thessalians awoke the next day, they found Alexander in their rear and promptly surrendered, adding their cavalry to Alexander's force. [271], The core of the Hellenistic culture promulgated by the conquests was essentially Athenian. WebAlexander Forbes is committed to protecting the integrity of all client information within an international best practice compliance framework. WebAlexander (2004) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. For having had all they could do to repulse an enemy who mustered only twenty thousand infantry and two thousand horse, they violently opposed Alexander when he insisted on crossing the river Ganges also, the width of which, as they learned, was thirty-two furlongs [6.4km], its depth one hundred fathoms [180m], while its banks on the further side were covered with multitudes of men-at-arms and horsemen and elephants. [181], During his final years, and especially after the death of Hephaestion, Alexander began to exhibit signs of megalomania and paranoia. [107][260] The first, and greatest, was Alexandria in Egypt, which would become one of the leading Mediterranean cities. Crossing the river at night, he surprised them and forced their army to retreat after the first cavalry skirmish. He is described as having one eye light and one eye dark. At first, the cities must have been inhospitable, little more than defensive garrisons. [301][302], Alexander wrote and received numerous letters, but no originals survive. Myelin is the fatty covering that insulates nerve fibers and promotes the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. [102] The Greeks however regarded the gesture of proskynesis as the province of deities and believed that Alexander meant to deify himself by requiring it. ABOUT US; CONTACT US; CITY BOARDS; NEWS & EVENTS. [102] As early as 334 BC he demonstrated awareness of this, when he challenged incumbent King Darius III "by appropriating the main elements of the Achaemenid monarchy's ideology, particularly the theme of the king who protects the lands and the peasants". This campaign, initially against Bessus, turned into a grand tour of central Asia. [188] Other scholars have proposed that they were invented by later authors within the tradition of the Alexander Romance. [112], In general, Greece enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity during Alexander's campaign in Asia. [143] During his visit to Pasargadae, Alexander ordered his architect Aristobulus to decorate the interior of the sepulchral chamber of Cyrus's tomb. Julius Caesar went to serve his quaestorship in Hispania after his wife's funeral, in the spring or early summer of 69 BC. [284] The emperor Trajan also admired Alexander, as did Nero and Caracalla. [139], Meanwhile, upon his return to Persia, Alexander learned that guards of the tomb of Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae had desecrated it, and swiftly executed them.
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